SIOC Post profile for "AI3:::Adaptive Information"
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primary topic: An Intrepid Guide to Ontologies
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An Intrepid Guide to Ontologies
type: Post
has container: weblog
has creator: Mike Bergman
maker: Mike Bergman
created: 2007-05-16T21:30:16Z
content: There's an Endless Variety of World Views, and Almost as Many Ways to Organize and Describe Them Download PDF Ontology is one of the more daunting terms for those exposed for the first time to the semantic Web. Not only is the word long and without many common antecedents, but it is also a term that has widely divergent use and understanding within the community. It can be argued that this not-so-little word is one of the barriers to mainstream understanding of the semantic Web. The root of the term is the Greek ontos, or being or the nature of things. Literally -- and in classical philosophy -- ontology was used in relation to the study of the nature of being or the world, the nature of existence. Tom Gruber, among others, made the term popular in relation to computer science and artificial intelligence about 15 years ago when he defined ontology as a "formal specification of a conceptualization." While there have been attempts to strap on more or less formal understandings or machinery around ontology, it still has very much the sense of a world view, a means of viewing and organizing and conceptualizing and defining a domain of interest. As is made clear below, I personally prefer a loose and embracing understanding of the term (consistent with Deborah McGuinness's 2003 paper, Ontologies Come of Age [1]). There has been a resurgence of interest in ontologies of late. Two reasons have been the emergence of Web 2.0 and tagging and folksonomies, as well as the nascent emergence of the structured Web. In fact, on April 23-24 one of the noted communities of practice around ontologies, Ontolog, sponsored the Ontology Summit 2007 ,"Ontology, Taxonomy, Folksonomy: Understanding the Distinctions." These events have sparked my preparing this guide to ontologies. I have to admit this is a somewhat intrepid endeavor given the wealth of material and diversity of opinions. Overview and Role of Ontologies Of course, a fancy name is not sufficient alone to warrant an interest in…
encoded: There’s an Endless Variety of World Views, and Almost as Many Ways to Organize and Describe Them Download PDF Ontology is one of the more daunting terms for those exposed for the first time to the semantic Web. Not only is the word long and without many common antecedents, but it is also a term that has widely divergent use and understanding within the community. It can be argued that this not-so-little word is one of the barriers to mainstream understanding of the semantic Web. The root of the term is the Greek ontos, or being or the nature of things. Literally — and in classical philosophy — ontology was used in relation to the study of the nature of being or the world, the nature of existence. Tom Gruber, among others, made the term popular in relation to computer science and artificial intelligence about 15 years ago when he defined ontology as a “formal specification of a conceptualization.” While there have been attempts to strap on more or less formal understandings or machinery around ontology, it still has very much the sense of a world view, a means of viewing and organizing and conceptualizing and defining a domain of interest. As is made clear below, I personally prefer a loose and embracing understanding of the term (consistent with Deborah McGuinness’s 2003 paper, Ontologies Come of Age [1]). There has been a resurgence of interest in ontologies of late. Two reasons have been the emergence of Web 2.0 and tagging and folksonomies, as well as the nascent emergence of the structured Web. In fact, on April 23-24 one of the noted communities of practice around ontologies, Ontolog, sponsored the Ontology Summit 2007 ,“Ontology, Taxonomy, Folksonomy: Understanding the Distinctions.” These events have sparked my preparing this guide to ontologies. I have to admit this is a somewhat intrepid endeavor given the wealth of material and diversity of opinions. Overview and Role of Ontologies Of course, a fancy name is not sufficient alone to warrant an interest in o…
topic: Adaptive Information
topic: Description Logics
topic: Ontologies
topic: Semantic Web
topic: Structured Web
has reply: comment-45400
has reply: comment-45401
has reply: comment-45404
links to: sequin.html
links to: Download PDF
links to: the nature of existence
links to: Tom Gruber
links to: computer science
links to: about 15 years ago
links to: Ontologies Come of Age
links to: 1
links to: Ontolog
links to: Ontology Summit 2007
links to: M.C. Escher
links to: Tag cloud
links to: Controlled vocabulary
links to: Thesauri
links to: Collaborative tagging
links to: Folk taxonomy
links to: Directory
links to: Subject Map
links to: Semantic Web
links to: Cladistics
links to: Markup languages
links to: Social bookmarking
links to: Tags
links to: Tagging
links to: Taxonomy
links to: Folksonomy
links to: Classification
links to: Categorization
links to: RDF
links to: Metadata
links to: Systematics
links to: Microformats
links to: Data dictionary
links to: OPML
links to: XOXO
links to: OWL
links to: Subject Trees
links to: Information Architecture
links to: Data Reference Model
links to: Phylogeny
links to: Topic Maps
links to: Concept Maps
links to: Synsets
links to: Glossary
links to: WordNet
links to: Facets
links to: Structure
links to: Dublin Core
links to: Typology
links to: Swoogle
links to: 16,000 to 92,000 ontologies
links to: One Ring to Rule Them All
links to: Ernst Haeckel's
links to: recapitulation theory
links to: evolutionary theory
links to: Tree of Life
links to: BFO
links to: DOLCE
links to: SUMO
links to: MeSH
links to: OpenCyc
links to: NeuroML
links to: 12,

Mike Bergman
type: User

Mike Bergman
type: Person

computer science
label: Ontology

Ontologies Come of Age
label: http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/ontologies-come-of-age-mit-press-(with-citation).htm

Controlled vocabulary
label: controlled vocabularies

Tags
label: tags

Taxonomy
label: taxonomies

Folksonomy
label: Folksonomies

Facets
label: Hierarchical Faceted Metadata

SUMO
label: Suggested Upper Merged Ontology

12,
label: 12

13

ontology (semantic) spectrum

Technorati

Bloglines

Wikipedia

RSS

Atom

Grazr

OML

XFML

Flamenco

Flickr

del.icio.us

hAtom

hCalendar

hCard

hReview

hResume

rel-directory

xFolk

XFN

RDFa

Infoloom

Topic Maps Search Engine

DBpedia

RDF Schema

SKOS

SIOC

DOAP

FOAF

OWL ontologies

SUMO

DOLCE

PROTON

BFO

Cyc

knowledge representation language

"upper-level" ontologies

Jack Park and Patrick Durusau
label: Avoiding Hobson's Choice In Choosing An Ontology

Roget's Thesaurus

2

3

4

WordNet

SUO-KIF

IEEE

GNU General Public License

MILO (MId-Level Ontology)

KSMSA (Knowledge Support for Modeling and Simulation) ontology browser

DRM

UDEF

XMDR

5

6

7

Topic Maps Reference Model

Towards Subject-centric Merging of Ontologies

Sweet Tools

8

thesauri

classification schemes

subject-heading systems

W3C

SKOS Core Guide

9

URI

UKAT

10

11

Ontolog Community

TagCommons

Topics Maps

SEKT project,

earlier post on Cyc

Ada

A Survey of RDF/Topic Maps Interoperability Proposals

Guidelines for RDF/Topic Maps Interoperability

Adaptiva

Altova SemanticWorks

CMS

ConcepTool

ConRef

FOAM

hMAFRA

IF-Map

IODT

KAON

LinKFactory

M3t4.Studio Semantic Toolkit

MAFRA Toolkit

OntoEngine

OntoPortal

OWLS-MX

pOWL

Protege

Semantic Net Generator

SOFA

Terminator

WebOnto

CollectableProperty

Collection

Concept

ConceptScheme

OrderedCollection

altLabel

altSymbol

broader

changeNote

definition

editorialNote

example

hasTopConcept

hiddenLabel

historyNote

inScheme

isPrimarySubjectOf

isSubjectOf

member

memberList

narrower

note

prefLabel

prefSymbol

primarySubject

related

scopeNote

semanticRelation

subject

subjectIndicator

symbol

SWEO classification ontology

OASIS

resulting report

later posting by me